Which of the following should be assessed after initiating artificial ventilation?

Assessing breath sounds and chest rise after initiating artificial ventilation is crucial because it directly indicates whether the ventilation is effective. Monitoring breath sounds helps determine if air is moving freely in and out of the lungs, and any abnormal sounds could signal obstructions or complications, such as fluid or foreign bodies in the airway. Additionally, evaluating chest rise allows responders to visually confirm that the lungs are expanding and that adequate ventilation is occurring. If the chest doesn't rise properly, it suggests that the ventilation may not be successful, prompting immediate reassessment of the airway and ventilation techniques.

The other options, while important aspects of overall patient assessment, do not provide as immediate feedback regarding the efficacy of artificial ventilation. Skin color and warmth may indicate circulation status but do not specifically relate to the effectiveness of ventilation. Pulse and blood pressure offer insights into the patient's cardiovascular status, but again, do not assess how well air is being delivered to the lungs. Pupil reaction to light involves neurological assessment rather than respiratory evaluation. Thus, focusing on breath sounds and chest rise gives the best immediate evaluation of the ventilation being provided.